Monday, 17 July 2017

UPSC ( Civil services) Mains Exam GS Paper 2 previous questions (2013 - 2016)


1. Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
2. The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasized in recent years. Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings.
3. In absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, Panchayats‘ and Samitis‘ have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instruments of governance. Critically discuss.
4. Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set the things right in this regard.
5. Resorting to ordinances has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of powers doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate ordinances, analyze whether the decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue have further facilitated resorting to this power. Should the power to promulgate ordinances be repealed?
6. What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far it improve India‘s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss.
7. Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard.
8. Examine Critically the recent changes in the rules governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976.
9. The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India‘s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate.
10. How can the role of NGSs be strengthened in India for development work relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints.
11. The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of higher and technical education in the country? Discuss.

12. Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you suggest?
13. Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Dou you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural indicators.
14. In the light of the Systam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency, accountability.
15. ―If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 2011 tabled in the Parliament in passed, there may be no one left to protect.‖ Critically evaluate.
16. ―For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous.‖ Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past.
17. Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.
18. Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council.
19. Project ‗Mausam‘ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of te Indian Government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss.
20. Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples.
21. Starting from inventing the ‗basic structure‘ doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring that India develops into a thriving democracy. In light of the statement, evaluate the role played by judicial activism in achieving the ideals of democracy.
22. Though the federal principle is dominant in our Constitution and that principle is one of its basic features, but it is equally true that federalism under the Indian Constitution leans in favour of a strong Centre, a feature that militates against the concept of strong federalism. Discuss.
23. The ‗Powers Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members ‗ as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un-enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the ‗parliamentary privileges‘. How can this problem be addressed?
24. What do you understand by the concept ―freedom of speech and expression‖? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss.

25. Instances in President‘s delay in commuting death sentences has come under public debate as denial of justice. Should there be a time limit specified for the President to accept/reject such petitions? Analyse.
26. The size of the cabinet should be as big as governmental work justifies and as big as the Prime Minister can manage as a team. How far is the efficiency of a government then inversely related to the size of the cabinet? Discuss.
27. Though 100 percent FDI is already allowed in non-news media like a trade publication and general entertainment channel, the Government is mulling over the proposal for increased FDI in news media for quite some time. What difference would an increase in FDI make? Critically evaluate the pros and cons.
28. The setting up of a Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped Indian Railways to demand subsidy for obligation to operate non-profitable routes and services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector, discuss if the proposed reform is expected to benefit the consumers, the Indian Railways or the private container operators.
29. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciary and other institutions in promoting and protecting human rights standards.
30. The penetration of Self Help Groups (SHGS) in rural areas in promoting participation in development programmes in facing socio-cultural hurdles. Examine.
31. Do government‘s schemes for up-lifting vulnerable and backward communities by protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion in establishing businesses in urban economies ?
32. An athlete participates in Olympics for personal triumph and nation‘s glory; victors are showered with cash incentives by various agencies, on their return. Discuss the merit of state sponsored talent hunt and its cultivation as against the rationale of a reward mechanism as encouragement.
33. Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic independence in designing courses and also decide mode/criteria of selection of students. Discuss in light of the growing challenges.
34. Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organization been the cause of slow change in India ? Critically examine.
35. Two parallel run schemes of the Government, Viz. the Adhaar Card and NPR, one as voluntary and the other as compulsory, have led to debates at national levels and also litigations. On merits, discuss whether or not both

schemes need run concurrently. Analyse the potential of the schemes to achieve developmental benefits and equitable growth.
36. With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.
37. The aim of Information Technology Agreements (ITAs) is to lower all taxes and tariffs on information technology products by signatories to zero. What impact would such agreements have on India‘s interests ?
38. Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of the aid to be used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to accept such conditions in the India context.
39. India has recently signed to become founding member of New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different ? Discuss the strategic significances of these two Banks for India.
40. WTO is an important international institution where decisions taken affect countries in a profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and how binding are their decisions ? Critically analyse India‘s stand on the latest round of talks on Food security.
41. The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law, which was legislated but with a different intention?
42. Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution.
43. Recent directives from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are perceived by the `Nagas‘ as a threat to override the exceptional status enjoyed by the State. Discuss in light of Article 371A of the Indian Constitution.
44. The Supreme Court of India keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament in amending the Constitution.‘ Discuss critically.
45. Many State Governments further bifurcate geographical administrative areas like Districts and Talukas for better governance. In light of the above, can it also be justified that more number of smaller States would bring in effective governance at State level? Discuss.
46. Constitutional mechanisms to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both? Discuss.

47. Discuss the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances.
48. The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the two regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify.
49. The concept of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early beginnings in Madras Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates and success.
50. Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India.
51. The legitimacy and accountability of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their patrons, the micro-finance outfits, need systematic assessment and scrutiny for the sustained success of the concept. Discuss.
52. The Central Government frequently complains on the poor performance of the State Governments in eradicating suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society. Restructuring of Centrally sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause of vulnerable sections of population aims at providing flexibility to the States in better implementation. Critically evaluate.
53. Electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize corruption, eliminate wastage and facilitate reforms. Comment.
54. The basis of providing urban amenities in rural areas (PURA) is rooted in establishing connectivity. Comment.
55. Identify the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that are related to health.Discuss the success of the actions taken by the Government for achieving the same.
56. Though Citizen‘s charters have been formulated by many public service delivery organizations, there is no corresponding improvement in the level of citizens‘ satisfaction and quality of services being provided. Analyse.
57. ‗A national Lokpal,however strong it may be,cannot resolve the problems of immorality in public affairs‘. Discuss.(200 words).
58. The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests.
59. What do you understand by The String of Pearls‘? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.
60. Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.

61. The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India?
62. Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India?
63. In respect of India — Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy.
64. What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss.
65. The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world‘s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate.
66. Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any, that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor in the administration of Delhi. Do you think this will give rise to a new trend in the functioning of the Indian federal politics?
67. To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note ―Temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir‖ temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity.
68. ―The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.‖ Discuss.
69. Exercise of CAG‘s powers in relation to the accounts of the union and the states is derived from article 149 of the Indian constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government‘s policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction.
70. Discuss each adjective attached of the word ‗Republic‘ in the ‗Preamble‘. Are they defendable in the present circumstances?
71. What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst the basic features of the constitution?
72. Did the Government of India Act, 1935 lay down a federal constitution? Discuss.
73. What is quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help on concrete examples?
74. Professor Amartya sen has advocated important reforms in the realm of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestion to improve their status and performance?
75. ―In the Indian governance system. The role of non-state actors has been only marginal.‖ Critically examine this statement.

76. ―Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people‘s participation in the governance system are inter-dependent.‖ Discuss their relationship in the context of India.
77. In the integrity index of Transparency International, India stands very low. Discuss briefly the legal, political, economic, social and cultural factors that have caused the decline of public morality in India.
78. Has the Indian government system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change?
79. ―Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.‖ Comment.
80. Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation.
81. ―Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes more educated, aware, skilled and creative.‖ What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable?
82. ―The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries.‖ Discuss in the Indian perspective.
83. Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India‘s Look East Policy in the context of the post cold War international scenario.
84. Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conductive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).‖ Explain with suitable examples.
85. What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India‘s position on these?