Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs who were defeated in the middle of the 12th century by chauhans.
Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples, coins minted here, called Dehliwal.
Rulers of Delhi:
Rajput Dynasty
Tomaras
Ananga pala
chouhans
Turkish Rulers (1206 - 1290)
Qutubuddin Aibak
Iltutmish
Raziyya
Ghiyasuddin Balban
Khalji Dynasty
Jalaluddin Khalji
Alauddin Khalji
Tughluq Dynasty
Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
Md.Tughluq
Firuz shah Tughluq
Sayyid Dynasty
Khizr Khan
Lodi Dynasty
Bahlul Lodi
Quwwat al -Islam mosque and minaret built during the last decade of 12th century.
The mosque was enlarged by Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji.
The minars was built by three sultans
a. Qutubuddin Aibak
b. Iltutmish
c. Firuz shah Tughlaq
Leader of the congregation of muslims in a masjid is called Imam.
Imam delivers the sermon (khutba) during the friday prayer.
During prayer, Muslims stand facing Mecca.In India this is to west. This is called the qibla.
Begumpuri Mosque built in the region of Muhammad Tughluq was the main mosque of Jahanapanah, the sanctuary of the world.
Moth ki masjid built by minister of sikander lodhi.
Iltutmish favoured special slaves purchased for military service, called bandagan.
Md.Tughluq appointed Aziz Khummar, a wime distiller; Firuz Hajjam, a barber; mank a tabbak, a cook and 2 gardeners, Ladha and Pira to high administrative posts.
The territories of lands were called iqta and their holder was called iqtadar or muqti.
Under Alauddhin Khilji the state brought the assesment and collection of land revenue under its control.
There were 3 types of taxes.
a. on cultivation called Kharaj ( 50% of the produce).
b. on cattle
c. on houses
Ibn batuta, 14th century traveller from Morocco, Africa.
The mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in North East Iran in 1219 and the Delhi sultanate faced their onslaught soon.
Alauddin Khilji preparations to face Invasion:
a. Delhi was attacked twice(1299 and 1302).
b. raised large standing army
c. constructed a new garrison town named siri.
d. soldiers were paid with cash.
Md. Tughluq preparation to face Invasion:
a. Mongol army was defeated.
b. The oldest of the 4 cities of Delhi was emptied and soldiers garrisoned there and the residents were sent to Daulatabad in south.
c. To feed army, he imposed additional taxes.
d. Introduced token currency to give salaries to soldiers.
Md.Tughluq's campaign into Kashmir was a disaster. He then gave up his plans to invade Transoxiana and disbanded large army.
Sher shah suri ( 1540 - 1546) started his career as the manager of a small territory for his uncle in Bihar and eventually defeated Humayun.
Delhi sultanate expansion occurred during the reigns of Ghiyasuddin Balban, Alauddin Khalji and Md. Tughluq.
Military expeditions into southern India started during the reigns of Alauddin Khalji.