Source: VI NCERT History Chapter 7
Gautama Buddha:
Monastries or viharas:
Gautama Buddha:
- Also Known as Siddhartha.
- He was a kshatriya and belongs to sakya gana.
- He attained enlightenment under peepal tree at BodhGaya in Bihar.
- He gave his first sermon at Sarnath.
- He taught life is full of sufferings because of desires which he called tanha.
- He taught in the language of common people, prakrit.
- He passed away in kusinara.
- Upanishad literally means "approaching and sit near".
- These are the texts about the conversations between teachers and students.
- Most of the upanishad thinkers were men.
- Garbi was a famous woman upanishad thinker.
- Satyakama Jabala was a slave accepted by a brahmin teacher gautama. Jabala was named after his mother Jabali. Jabala became a great thinker.
- Panini was famous as he prepared grammar for sanskrit.
- Vardhamana Mahavira was a kshatriya prince.
- He belongs to Vajji Sangha.
- He also taught his teachings in Prakrit.
- Followers of Mahavira became known as Jains.
- The word Jaina derived from the term Jina which means Conqueror.
- Those who left their homes to gain true knowledge were lived in associations known as Sangha.
- Vinaya Pittaka prescribes the rules made for Buddhist sanghas.
- Both Men and Women can join sangha.
- Men were called Bhikkus while women were called bhikkunis.
Monastries or viharas:
- Bhikkus and bhikkunis used to stay in viharas which were made of wood or bricks and caves dug in the hills.
- Brahmins developed 4 ashramas system which represents the stage of life.They were brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sannyasa
- He was an Iranian Prophet.
- His teachings were recorded in a book called Avestha.
- The basic teachings of Zooraster contained in the maxim"Good thoughts, Good words and Good deeds".
- Zoorastrianism was a major religion in Iran.
- Many Zoorastrians migrated from Iran and settled in the coastal towns of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- They were the ancestors of today's Parsis.