(Source: XI NCERT Economics chapter 4 & 5)
CHAPTER 4 : POVERTY
CHAPTER 4 : POVERTY
·
- In Pre-Independent India,
D.Naoroji was the first to discuss the concept of a poverty line. He used the
menu for a prisoner and used appropriate prevailing prices to arrive at what
may be called jail cost of living.
· -
In 1962, the Planning Commission
formed a study group to work out a mechanism to find out the number of poor.
· -
In 1979, another body called
the “Task Force on Projections of minimum needs and effective consumption
Demand” was formed.
· -
In 1999-2000 based on the
minimum calorie intake that was estimated at 2,400 calories for rural and 2,100
calories for a person in urban area, the poverty line was defined for rural
areas as consumption worth Rs.328/- per person a month and for urban areas it
was Rs.454/-.
· -
When the number of poor is
estimated as the proportion of people below the poverty line, it is known as
Head Count Ratio.
· -
In 1970s : Food for work
· -
Examples of self employment
programmes are Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) P.M Rozgar Yojana
(PMRY), Swarna Jayani Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
· -
3 major programmes that aim at
improving the food and nutritional status of the poor are PDS, ICDS, Mid Day
Meals Scheme.
· -
Under National Social
Assistance Programme, elderly people who do not have anyone to take care of
them are given pension to sustain themselves.
CHAPTER
5: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IN INDIA
· - Sources of Human Capital :
Investments in education, health, on the job training migration & information.
· - Seventh 5 year plan says “Human Resources Development has necessarily to be assigned a key role in any development strategy.
· - The Tapas Majumbdar Committee, appointed by the GOI in 1998, estimated an expenditure of around Rs.1.37 lakh crore over 10 years (1998 to 2007) to bring all children in the age group of 6-14 years under the purview of school education.
· - Women education makes a favourable impact on fertility rate and health care of women & children.