We know that Endogenetic forces and Exogenetic forces are the two forces which affect the crust of the earth.
Here in this post we discuss about Endogentic forces. We need to understand the conceptual meaning of different geological terms in this topic. One of the important topic to be prepared for various competitive exams such as civils, SSC and others.
Model questions
Q.1The Red Sea is an example of a(n) _________.
A.anticline
B.strike-slip fault basin
C.rift valley
D.horst block mountain
Q.2Which two measurements describe the orientation of a fault plane at a given location?
A.axis and plane
B.strike and dip
C.lateral and thrust
D.trend and plunge
The forces coming from within the earth are called as endogentic forces.
Endogenetic forces cause 2 types of movements in the earth.They are - Horizontal and vertical.
The Endogenetic forces and movements are divided on the basis of intensity into 2 major categories. They are - 1. Diastrophic forces and
2. Sudden forces
Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes come under Sudden forces. We will discuss about this in our future posts.
Now we see about Diastrophic movement which can be classified as two types, folding and faulting
FOLDS:
These are wave like bends formed in the crustal rocks due to tangential compressive force resulting from horizontal movement caused by the endogenetic force originating deep with the earth.
The upfolded rock strata in archlike form are called ANTICLINES.
The downfolded structure forming trough like feature is called SYNCLINE.
The 2 sides of the fold are called LIMBS of the fold.
The inclination of rock beds with respect to horizontal plane is termed as DIP.
Strike is the direction of the line that is formed by the intersection of the plane of the rock bed with a horizontal surface.
The direction of Dip is always right angle to the Strike.
When a series of minor anticlines and synclines exists within one extensive anticline then it is called ANTICLINORIUM.
When a series of minor anticlines and synclines exists within one extensive syncline then it is called SYNCLINORIUM.
Based on the inclination of the limbs, folds are divided into 5 types
1. symmetrical folds
2. Asymmetrical folds
3. monoclinal folds
4. Isoclinal folds
5. Recumbent folds
NAPPES:
Due to the continued horizontal movement and compressive force, a limb of the fold will break off. Such a broken limb of the fold is known as Nappe.
CRUSTAL FRACTURE:
It refers to displacement of rocks along a plane due to tensional and compressional forces acting either horizontally or vertically or sometimes both ways.
Generally fractures are divided into JOINTS & FAULTS.
A joint is a fracture in the crustal rocks where in no appreciable movement of rock takes place.
A fracture becomes fault when there is displacement of the rocks.
RIFT VALLEY:
Rift valleys are created by the action of a fault.
Rift valley represents a trough, depression or basin between 2 crustal parts i..e. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges.
Rift valley is also known as Graben.
Examples of Riftvalleys:
Here in this post we discuss about Endogentic forces. We need to understand the conceptual meaning of different geological terms in this topic. One of the important topic to be prepared for various competitive exams such as civils, SSC and others.
Model questions
Q.1The Red Sea is an example of a(n) _________.
A.anticline
B.strike-slip fault basin
C.rift valley
D.horst block mountain
Q.2Which two measurements describe the orientation of a fault plane at a given location?
A.axis and plane
B.strike and dip
C.lateral and thrust
D.trend and plunge
The forces coming from within the earth are called as endogentic forces.
Endogenetic forces cause 2 types of movements in the earth.They are - Horizontal and vertical.
The Endogenetic forces and movements are divided on the basis of intensity into 2 major categories. They are - 1. Diastrophic forces and
2. Sudden forces
Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes come under Sudden forces. We will discuss about this in our future posts.
Now we see about Diastrophic movement which can be classified as two types, folding and faulting
FOLDS:
These are wave like bends formed in the crustal rocks due to tangential compressive force resulting from horizontal movement caused by the endogenetic force originating deep with the earth.
The upfolded rock strata in archlike form are called ANTICLINES.
The downfolded structure forming trough like feature is called SYNCLINE.
The 2 sides of the fold are called LIMBS of the fold.
The inclination of rock beds with respect to horizontal plane is termed as DIP.
Strike is the direction of the line that is formed by the intersection of the plane of the rock bed with a horizontal surface.
The direction of Dip is always right angle to the Strike.
When a series of minor anticlines and synclines exists within one extensive anticline then it is called ANTICLINORIUM.
When a series of minor anticlines and synclines exists within one extensive syncline then it is called SYNCLINORIUM.
Based on the inclination of the limbs, folds are divided into 5 types
1. symmetrical folds
2. Asymmetrical folds
3. monoclinal folds
4. Isoclinal folds
5. Recumbent folds
NAPPES:
Due to the continued horizontal movement and compressive force, a limb of the fold will break off. Such a broken limb of the fold is known as Nappe.
CRUSTAL FRACTURE:
It refers to displacement of rocks along a plane due to tensional and compressional forces acting either horizontally or vertically or sometimes both ways.
Generally fractures are divided into JOINTS & FAULTS.
A joint is a fracture in the crustal rocks where in no appreciable movement of rock takes place.
A fracture becomes fault when there is displacement of the rocks.
RIFT VALLEY:
Rift valleys are created by the action of a fault.
Rift valley represents a trough, depression or basin between 2 crustal parts i..e. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges.
Rift valley is also known as Graben.
Examples of Riftvalleys:
- Rhine rift valley
- Death valley of the southern california
- Jordan rift valley
- The central plain of scotland
- Spencer bay of South Australia
- Red sea